The DNS Server stands for Domain Naming System. The Dynamic means which the server configured with the DNS server. The name servers are dynamically updated with the DNS server. Where’s all the DNS records are added to the DNS server. In this tutorial we will describe about the given guide in a step by step manner on AlmaLinux / Rocky Linux / Amazon Linux.
Host File
- The host file provides resolution of hostname to IP addresses.
- Only resolve names provide in the local host file.
- Cannot be used as a centralized database.
- The hostname and IP address mapping is given in /etc/hosts
Hostname Resolution
Host File Configuration
Edit the configuration file
# vi /etc/hosts
Add the entries required
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
192.168.0.253 dns.example.com dns
192.168.0.1 client1.example.com client1
192.168.0.2 client2.example.com client2
:wq!
Domain Name System (DNS)
- The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical naming system where each level of name is separated by a “.”.
- Resolves user friendly domain names into computer friendly IP addresses.
- Also resolves IP addresses into domain names.
- Provides a centralized database for resolution.
Dynamic DNS
- Dynamic DDNS
- DNS is configured with DHCP in such a way that ip & FQDN automatically gets updated over DNS forward & Reverse zone files.
- Zone journal files are automatically create in Database of DNS with extensions .jnl
DNS Namespace
How DNS works ?
Zone
Zone is a storage database which contains all the records.There are two zones:
Forward Lookup Zone
- Used for resolving hostnames to IP address.
- It maintains host to IP address mapping information.
Reverse Lookup Zone
- Used for resolving IP address to hostnames.
- It maintains IP address to hostname mapping information.
Records
SOA Record
- Start of Authority
- It is the first record in any zone file.
NS Record
- Name Server
- Identifies the DNS server for each zone.
A Record
- Address
- Maps a hostname to an IP address.
CNAME Record
- Canonical Name (Alias)
- Maps an alias name to a hostname
PTR Record
- Pointer
- Maps an IP address to a hostname.
MX Record
- Mail Exchange
- Maps a domain name to a mail server.
DNS Quick Snapshots
Packages
- bind*
- caching nameserver*.rpm
- Dhcp*
Port number
- 53 for DNS
- 67, 68 for DHCP
Configuration files
- /etc/named.conf
Daemon
- named
DNS Configuration
Step-1 (Installing DNS)
# yum install bind* caching* dhcp*
Step-2 (Configuration of named.rfc1912.zones)
Edit the configuration file
# vi /etc/named.conf
To add the options
controls {
inet 127.0.0.1 port 953
allow {127.0.0.1;} keys {"rndckey";};
};
zone "example.com" IN {
type master;
file “example.for";
allow?update { key rndckey; } ;
};
zone "0.168.192.in?addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file “example.rev";
allow-update { key rndckey; } ;
};
:wq
Step-3 (Configuration – Forward Lookup Zone)
Copy the forward lookup zone file
# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named/
# cp vp localhost.zone example.for
Note: The file has to be copied with the permission
Configuration – Reverse Lookup Zone
Edit the file example.rev
# vi example.rev
To add the options
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA @ root (
42 ; serial (d. adams)
3H ; refresh
15M ; retry
1W ; expire
1D) ; minimum
IN NS @
IN A 192.168.0.253
client1 IN A 192.168.0.1
client2 IN A 192.168.0.2
Step-4 (Configuration – Reverse Lookup Zone)
Copy the reverse lookup zone file
# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named/
# cp vp named.local example.rev
Note: The file has to be copied with the permission
Configuration – Reverse Lookup Zone
Edit the file example.rev
# vi example.rev
To add the options
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA dns.example.com. root.example.com.(
1997022700 ; Serial
28800 ; Refresh
14400 ; Retry
3600000 ; Expire
86400) ; Minimum
IN NS dns.example.com.
253 IN PTR dns.
1 IN PTR client1.
2 IN PTR client2
Step-5 (Configuration of DNS Server IP Address)
Edit the configuration file
# vi /etc/resolv.conf
Add the following options
nameserver 192.168.0.253
Step-6 (Restart the Services)
Restart the DNS services
# service named restart
Step-7 (Configuration of DNS Server IP Address)
Edit the configuration file
# vi /etc/resolv.conf
Add the following options
nameserver 192.168.0.253
Step-8 (Checking the Configuration)
Checking forward lookup
# dig dns.example.com
# dig client2.example.com
Checking reverse lookup
# dig vx 192.168.0.2
# dig vx 192.168.0.253
Mount the remote file system
# ping dns.example.com
# ping client2.example.com
Step-9 (Configuration of named.rfc1912.zones)
Edit the configuration file
# vi /etc/dhcpd.conf
To add the options
include "/etc/rndc.key";
ddns-domain “example.com";
ddns-update-style interim;
ddns-rev-domain "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa";
ddns-updates on; allow Dynamic DNS
authoritative;
#master server for this domain
# Allow only the DHCP server to update DNS
ignore client-updates;
allow unknown-clients;zone 0.168.192.in-addr.arpa.
{
primary 192.168.0.252;
key "rndckey";
}
zone techbrown.com. {
primary 192.168.0.252;
key "rndckey";
}
range 192.168.0.20 192.168.0.59;
:wq(save and quit)
Step-10 (Restart the Services)
Restart the DHCP services
# service dhcpd restart
Step-11 (Configuration file for ddclient)
# yum install ddclient*
# vi /etc/ddclient.conf
pid=/var/run/ddclient.pid
protocol=easydns
use=if, if=eth0
server=dns.example.com
# dhclient -r
# dhclient
Step-12 (Check the updates)
Now go to forward/reverse zone file and check the updates
Congratulations now you have configured Dynamic DNS server on AlmaLinux / Rocky Linux / Amazon Linux.
